Improvements from TheForge (see description)

The work was performed by collaboration of TheForge and Google. I am
merely splitting it up into smaller PRs and cleaning it up.

This is the most "risky" PR so far because the previous ones have been
miscellaneous stuff aimed at either [improve
debugging](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/90993) (e.g. device
lost), [improve Android
experience](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/96439) (add Swappy
for better Frame Pacing + Pre-Transformed Swapchains for slightly better
performance), or harmless [ASTC
improvements](https://github.com/godotengine/godot/pull/96045) (better
performance by simply toggling a feature when available).

However this PR contains larger modifications aimed at improving
performance or reducing memory fragmentation. With greater
modifications, come greater risks of bugs or breakage.

Changes introduced by this PR:

TBDR GPUs (e.g. most of Android + iOS + M1 Apple) support rendering to
Render Targets that are not backed by actual GPU memory (everything
stays in cache). This works as long as load action isn't `LOAD`, and
store action must be `DONT_CARE`. This saves VRAM (it also makes
painfully obvious when a mistake introduces a performance regression).
Of particular usefulness is when doing MSAA and keeping the raw MSAA
content is not necessary.

Some GPUs get faster when the sampler settings are hard-coded into the
GLSL shaders (instead of being dynamically bound at runtime). This
required changes to the GLSL shaders, PSO creation routines, Descriptor
creation routines, and Descriptor binding routines.

 - `bool immutable_samplers_enabled = true`

Setting it to false enforces the old behavior. Useful for debugging bugs
and regressions.

Immutable samplers requires that the samplers stay... immutable, hence
this boolean is useful if the promise gets broken. We might want to turn
this into a `GLOBAL_DEF` setting.

Instead of creating dozen/hundreds/thousands of `VkDescriptorSet` every
frame that need to be freed individually when they are no longer needed,
they all get freed at once by resetting the whole pool. Once the whole
pool is no longer in use by the GPU, it gets reset and its memory
recycled. Descriptor sets that are created to be kept around for longer
or forever (i.e. not created and freed within the same frame) **must
not** use linear pools. There may be more than one pool per frame. How
many pools per frame Godot ends up with depends on its capacity, and
that is controlled by
`rendering/rendering_device/vulkan/max_descriptors_per_pool`.

- **Possible improvement for later:** It should be possible for Godot
to adapt to how many descriptors per pool are needed on a per-key basis
(i.e. grow their capacity like `std::vector` does) after rendering a few
frames; which would be better than the current solution of having a
single global value for all pools (`max_descriptors_per_pool`) that the
user needs to tweak.

 - `bool linear_descriptor_pools_enabled = true`

Setting it to false enforces the old behavior. Useful for debugging bugs
and regressions.
Setting it to false is required when workarounding driver bugs (e.g.
Adreno 730).

A ridiculous optimization. Ridiculous because the original code
should've done this in the first place. Previously Godot was doing the
following:

  1. Create a command buffer **pool**. One per frame.
  2. Create multiple command buffers from the pool in point 1.
3. Call `vkBeginCommandBuffer` on the cmd buffer in point 2. This
resets the cmd buffer because Godot requests the
`VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT` flag.
  4. Add commands to the cmd buffers from point 2.
  5. Submit those commands.
6. On frame N + 2, recycle the buffer pool and cmd buffers from pt 1 &
2, and repeat from step 3.

The problem here is that step 3 resets each command buffer individually.
Initially Godot used to have 1 cmd buffer per pool, thus the impact is
very low.

But not anymore (specially with Adreno workarounds to force splitting
compute dispatches into a new cmd buffer, more on this later). However
Godot keeps around a very low amount of command buffers per frame.

The recommended method is to reset the whole pool, to reset all cmd
buffers at once. Hence the new steps would be:

  1. Create a command buffer **pool**. One per frame.
  2. Create multiple command buffers from the pool in point 1.
3. Call `vkBeginCommandBuffer` on the cmd buffer in point 2, which is
already reset/empty (see step 6).
  4. Add commands to the cmd buffers from point 2.
  5. Submit those commands.
6. On frame N + 2, recycle the buffer pool and cmd buffers from pt 1 &
2, call `vkResetCommandPool` and repeat from step 3.

**Possible issues:** @dariosamo added `transfer_worker` which creates a
command buffer pool:

```cpp
transfer_worker->command_pool =
driver->command_pool_create(transfer_queue_family,
RDD::COMMAND_BUFFER_TYPE_PRIMARY);
```

As expected, validation was complaining that command buffers were being
reused without being reset (that's good, we now know Validation Layers
will warn us of wrong use).
I fixed it by adding:

```cpp
void RenderingDevice::_wait_for_transfer_worker(TransferWorker
*p_transfer_worker) {
	driver->fence_wait(p_transfer_worker->command_fence);
	driver->command_pool_reset(p_transfer_worker->command_pool); //
! New line !
```

**Secondary cmd buffers are subject to the same issue but I didn't alter
them. I talked this with Dario and he is aware of this.**
Secondary cmd buffers are currently disabled due to other issues (it's
disabled on master).

 - `bool RenderingDeviceCommons::command_pool_reset_enabled`

Setting it to false enforces the old behavior. Useful for debugging bugs
and regressions.

There's no other reason for this boolean. Possibly once it becomes well
tested, the boolean could be removed entirely.

Adds `command_bind_render_uniform_sets` and
`add_draw_list_bind_uniform_sets` (+ compute variants).

It performs the same as `add_draw_list_bind_uniform_set` (notice
singular vs plural), but on multiple consecutive uniform sets, thus
reducing graph and draw call overhead.

 - `bool descriptor_set_batching = true;`

Setting it to false enforces the old behavior. Useful for debugging bugs
and regressions.

There's no other reason for this boolean. Possibly once it becomes well
tested, the boolean could be removed entirely.

Godot currently does the following:

 1. Fill the entire cmd buffer with commands.
 2. `submit()`
    - Wait with a semaphore for the swapchain.
- Trigger a semaphore to indicate when we're done (so the swapchain
can submit).
 3. `present()`

The optimization opportunity here is that 95% of Godot's rendering is
done offscreen.
Then a fullscreen pass copies everything to the swapchain. Godot doesn't
practically render directly to the swapchain.

The problem with this is that the GPU has to wait for the swapchain to
be released **to start anything**, when we could start *much earlier*.
Only the final blit pass must wait for the swapchain.

TheForge changed it to the following (more complicated, I'm simplifying
the idea):

 1. Fill the entire cmd buffer with commands.
 2. In `screen_prepare_for_drawing` do `submit()`
    - There are no semaphore waits for the swapchain.
    - Trigger a semaphore to indicate when we're done.
3. Fill a new cmd buffer that only does the final blit to the
swapchain.
 4. `submit()`
    - Wait with a semaphore for the submit() from step 2.
- Wait with a semaphore for the swapchain (so the swapchain can
submit).
- Trigger a semaphore to indicate when we're done (so the swapchain
can submit).
 5. `present()`

Dario discovered this problem independently while working on a different
platform.

**However TheForge's solution had to be rewritten from scratch:** The
complexity to achieve the solution was high and quite difficult to
maintain with the way Godot works now (after Übershaders PR).
But on the other hand, re-implementing the solution became much simpler
because Dario already had to do something similar: To fix an Adreno 730
driver bug, he had to implement splitting command buffers. **This is
exactly what we need!**. Thus it was re-written using this existing
functionality for a new purpose.

To achieve this, I added a new argument, `bool p_split_cmd_buffer`, to
`RenderingDeviceGraph::add_draw_list_begin`, which is only set to true
by `RenderingDevice::draw_list_begin_for_screen`.

The graph will split the draw list into its own command buffer.

 - `bool split_swapchain_into_its_own_cmd_buffer = true;`

Setting it to false enforces the old behavior. This might be necessary
for consoles which follow an alternate solution to the same problem.
If not, then we should consider removing it.

PR #90993 added `shader_destroy_modules()` but it was not actually in
use.

This PR adds several places where `shader_destroy_modules()` is called
after initialization to free up memory of SPIR-V structures that are no
longer needed.

drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_driver_vulkan.h

@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ public:
 		} allocation; // All 0/null if just a view.
 #ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
 		bool created_from_extension = false;
+		bool transient = false;
 #endif
 	};
 
@@ -333,6 +334,7 @@ private:
 
 public:
 	virtual CommandPoolID command_pool_create(CommandQueueFamilyID p_cmd_queue_family, CommandBufferType p_cmd_buffer_type) override final;
+	virtual bool command_pool_reset(CommandPoolID p_cmd_pool) override final;
 	virtual void command_pool_free(CommandPoolID p_cmd_pool) override final;
 
 	// ----- BUFFER -----
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ private:
 public:
 	virtual String shader_get_binary_cache_key() override final;
 	virtual Vector<uint8_t> shader_compile_binary_from_spirv(VectorView<ShaderStageSPIRVData> p_spirv, const String &p_shader_name) override final;
-	virtual ShaderID shader_create_from_bytecode(const Vector<uint8_t> &p_shader_binary, ShaderDescription &r_shader_desc, String &r_name) override final;
+	virtual ShaderID shader_create_from_bytecode(const Vector<uint8_t> &p_shader_binary, ShaderDescription &r_shader_desc, String &r_name, const Vector<ImmutableSampler> &p_immutable_samplers) override final;
 	virtual void shader_free(ShaderID p_shader) override final;
 
 	virtual void shader_destroy_modules(ShaderID p_shader) override final;
@@ -482,18 +484,27 @@ private:
 	DescriptorSetPools descriptor_set_pools;
 	uint32_t max_descriptor_sets_per_pool = 0;
 
-	VkDescriptorPool _descriptor_set_pool_find_or_create(const DescriptorSetPoolKey &p_key, DescriptorSetPools::Iterator *r_pool_sets_it);
-	void _descriptor_set_pool_unreference(DescriptorSetPools::Iterator p_pool_sets_it, VkDescriptorPool p_vk_descriptor_pool);
+	HashMap<int, DescriptorSetPools> linear_descriptor_set_pools;
+	bool linear_descriptor_pools_enabled = true;
+	VkDescriptorPool _descriptor_set_pool_find_or_create(const DescriptorSetPoolKey &p_key, DescriptorSetPools::Iterator *r_pool_sets_it, int p_linear_pool_index);
+	void _descriptor_set_pool_unreference(DescriptorSetPools::Iterator p_pool_sets_it, VkDescriptorPool p_vk_descriptor_pool, int p_linear_pool_index);
+
+	// Global flag to toggle usage of immutable sampler when creating pipeline layouts.
+	// It cannot change after creating the PSOs, since we need to skipping samplers when creating uniform sets.
+	bool immutable_samplers_enabled = true;
 
 	struct UniformSetInfo {
 		VkDescriptorSet vk_descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 		VkDescriptorPool vk_descriptor_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+		VkDescriptorPool vk_linear_descriptor_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 		DescriptorSetPools::Iterator pool_sets_it;
 	};
 
 public:
-	virtual UniformSetID uniform_set_create(VectorView<BoundUniform> p_uniforms, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) override final;
+	virtual UniformSetID uniform_set_create(VectorView<BoundUniform> p_uniforms, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index, int p_linear_pool_index) override final;
+	virtual void linear_uniform_set_pools_reset(int p_linear_pool_index) override final;
 	virtual void uniform_set_free(UniformSetID p_uniform_set) override final;
+	virtual bool uniform_sets_have_linear_pools() const override final;
 
 	// ----- COMMANDS -----
 
@@ -575,6 +586,7 @@ public:
 	// Binding.
 	virtual void command_bind_render_pipeline(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, PipelineID p_pipeline) override final;
 	virtual void command_bind_render_uniform_set(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, UniformSetID p_uniform_set, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) override final;
+	virtual void command_bind_render_uniform_sets(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<UniformSetID> p_uniform_sets, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_first_set_index, uint32_t p_set_count) override final;
 
 	// Drawing.
 	virtual void command_render_draw(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_vertex_count, uint32_t p_instance_count, uint32_t p_base_vertex, uint32_t p_first_instance) override final;
@@ -617,6 +629,7 @@ public:
 	// Binding.
 	virtual void command_bind_compute_pipeline(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, PipelineID p_pipeline) override final;
 	virtual void command_bind_compute_uniform_set(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, UniformSetID p_uniform_set, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) override final;
+	virtual void command_bind_compute_uniform_sets(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<UniformSetID> p_uniform_sets, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_first_set_index, uint32_t p_set_count) override final;
 
 	// Dispatching.
 	virtual void command_compute_dispatch(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_x_groups, uint32_t p_y_groups, uint32_t p_z_groups) override final;
@@ -671,7 +684,7 @@ public:
 	virtual void set_object_name(ObjectType p_type, ID p_driver_id, const String &p_name) override final;
 	virtual uint64_t get_resource_native_handle(DriverResource p_type, ID p_driver_id) override final;
 	virtual uint64_t get_total_memory_used() override final;
-
+	virtual uint64_t get_lazily_memory_used() override final;
 	virtual uint64_t limit_get(Limit p_limit) override final;
 	virtual uint64_t api_trait_get(ApiTrait p_trait) override final;
 	virtual bool has_feature(Features p_feature) override final;